Skip to main content\(\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}}
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A three-dimensional vector field represented with arrows at points along a curved surface. These arrows are plotted in blue and are more in a direction perpendicular to the surface than along the surface, regardless of the location. Each blue vector is split into a magenta vector that shows how much along the surface the blue vector travels and a green vector that measures how much the blue vector moves in a direction perpendicular to the surface. A yellow vector is shown in the middle of the region pointing perpendicular through the surface.